酸性材料在CVOCs催化氧化中的应用

含氯挥发性有机化合物(CVOCs)对环境安全和人类健康存在持久性污染和危害。催化氧化法具有操作温度低和CO_2选择性高等优点,被广泛应用于CVOCs催化降解。催化剂作为CVOCs催化降解过程的核心部分,受到很多学者的关注。分析酸性分子筛、金属改性分子筛和复合氧化物酸性材料对各种CVOCs催化氧化活性、副产物控制性能、CO_2和HCl选择性的影响。结果表明,催化剂表面酸中心、氧化中心和催化剂表面结构性质在CVOCs催化氧化过程中起重要作用。较多酸中心和较大比表面积有利于CVOCs分子的吸附和活化,提高HCl选择性。而较多氧化中心则有利于CVOCs深度氧化,减少副产物产生,提高CO_2选择性。     

超声协助蒙脱土分散于聚磷酸铵阻燃聚丙烯的研究

阻燃剂能够增强聚丙烯（PP）的阻燃性能,但也会降低其力学性能,因此对阻燃剂进行改性以改善聚丙烯的力学性能显得至关重要。以传统的膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）[由聚磷酸铵（APP）、季戊四醇（PER）、三聚氰胺（MA）组成]为PP阻燃。在合成APP过程中引入有机蒙脱土（OMt）。APP围绕OMt形成,剥离OMt使其能够较好地分散在阻燃剂中。为使OMt更好地分散在阻燃剂中,在磷酸氢二铵（DAP）、尿素（UREA）溶液中加入OMt,之后对溶液进行超声处理,蒸干后形成DAP-UREA-OMt与五氧化二磷反应生成APP。在PP中添加改性阻燃剂,有助于PP材料阻燃性能的提升与减缓力学性能的下降。当阻燃剂添加量为30%（阻燃剂添加量占总质量的质量分数）时,PP/IFR_APP/OMt复合材料的氧指数达到29.8%,通过V-0测试,拉伸强度为22.0 MPa,高出传统方法0.7 MPa。     

挥发性有机化合物催化氧化技术

基于环境友好,对使用催化氧化法去除挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的原理、特点以及催化剂、工艺流程等研究进行综述。挥发性有机化合物完全催化氧化机理分为:Mars-van Krevelen(MVK)模型、Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)模型和Eley-Rideal(E-R)模型。复合金属氧化物催化剂是研究的热点,去除VOCs的核心是使反应温度降低,即具有低温和高活性的催化剂。延长催化剂寿命、提高去除效率也可以带来良好的节能效果和降低投资成本。对于低浓度和大体积VOCs排放,可通过吸附+催化混合法先进技术实现去除,且成功应用于实践。     

采用酯类捕收剂PZA提高铜、银回收率的选矿试验研究

在某硫化铜矿浮选过程中,进行了酯类捕收剂PZA与丁基黄药、丁基铵黑药、Z200等对比研究,发现PZA对铜、银具有良好的选择性,与丁基黄药组合效果更佳。原矿铜、银品位分别为0.28%和8.50g/t情况下,采用铜硫混合浮选—铜硫分离工艺流程,最终获得了铜精矿Cu品位21.58%、回收率83.94%,Ag品位500.10g/t、回收率62.99%的技术指标,较好的实现了银在铜精矿的定向富集。     

锡石多金属硫化矿微波助磨试验研究

本文以广西某选矿厂锡石多金属硫化矿矿石为原料,研究了微波预处理对矿石磨矿产物粒度组成、磨矿动力学、破碎速率及磨机生产能力的影响。结果表明,微波预处理后,矿石在不同磨矿时间下的磨矿产物粒度均变细,-0.074mm粒级含量提高了4.41%~12.90%；微波预处理前后该矿石磨矿均符合一级磨矿动力学模型；微波预处理使矿石的破碎速率(S₁)值提高近57%,且磨机的生产能力得到了明显提升。因此,微波预处理可以降低矿石的强度,强化矿石的磨矿过程,是一种有效的降低磨矿能耗、提高磨矿效率的方法。     

三碳以下有机物高温氯化制备四氯乙烯

介绍了对三碳以下有机物进行高温氯化生产四氯乙烯的原理,分析了影响产品四氯乙烯收率的因素,并探讨了减少副产高沸物、增加四氯乙烯收率的措施。     

Malic acid production from renewables: a review

Malic acid derived from fossil resources is currently applied in the food and beverage industries with a medium global production capacity. However, in the transition from a fossil-based to a bio-based economy, biotechnologically produced l -malic acid may become an important platform chemical with many new applications, especially in the field of biopolymers. In this review, currently used petrochemical production routes to dl -malic acid are outlined and insights into possible bio-based alternatives for microbial l -malic acid production are provided. Besides ecological reasons, the possibility to produce enantiopure l -malic acid by microbial fermentation is the biggest advantage over chemical synthesis. State-of-the-art and open challenges concerning production host engineering, substrate choice and downstream processing are addressed. With regard to production hosts, a literature overview is given covering the leading natural production strains of Aspergillus, Ustilago and Aureobasidium, as well as Escherichia coli as the most important engineered recombinant host. The utilization of renewable substrates as an alternative to glucose is emphasized in particular as a key aspect for a competitive bio-based production. Out of the alternative substrates discussed in this review, the industrial side-streams crude glycerol and molasses seem to be most promising for large-scale l -malic acid production. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

Weatherability of hybrid organic–inorganic silica protective coatings on glass

Currently, there is a growing interest in the application of silicon-based technologies for the development of advanced hybrid organic–inorganic coatings with strong weatherability. In this study, the sol–gel process is used to prepare such coatings on glass and their resistance to weathering effects is assessed afterwards. Various sols were prepared by mixing a silica-based inorganic matrix (tetraethyl orthosilicate) with different quantities of silica alkoxides functionalised with various organic groups. Subsequently, the sols were dip-coated onto glass samples at low temperatures without any heat treatment. The coatings prepared were analysed before and after three model ageing tests simulating various weathering parameters. After ageing, the best performing coatings showed good overall homogeneity and transparency (optical microscopy, SEM), improved water repellency and adhesion to the glass substrate (static contact angle measurements, cross-cut tape tests) and no colour or chemical composition changes (UV–VIS, FTIR). Compared with commercial hybrid silica products, the alkyl- and methacryloxy-functionalised silica coatings particularly displayed improved homogeneity, elasticity and barrier properties. Thus, these low temperature coatings, easily applicable to thin films, appear to fulfil the main requirements for the protection of the glass exposed to weathering phenomena.